Public performance
The use of recorded music in public places and businesses.
Non-interactive webcasts
Transmission of linear audio or video content over the Internet.
Dubbing
Revenue from copying of recordings when the end product is used for public performance or broadcast. An example is copying for the use in systems such as jukeboxes.
Lending
Lending of copies of sound recordings by educational establishments, libraries or archives where the sound recordings are borrowed by the end user, usually for free.
Rental
Rental operates on a similar basis to lending whereby the user rents a CD but will pay a fee to the rental outlet.
Broadcasting
Radio, TV and online broadcasts, including cable re-transmission.
Simulcasting
When an online programme is being shown at the same time as it is being broadcast on traditional TV channels.
Private copying
Royalty for when blank media (e.g. CDs, mobile devices) are bought for personal use to account for recorded music being copied domestically.
Audio Visual (AV)
Where sound recordings are incorporated into commercial (films and TV programmes) and non-commercial (the underscore in films and production music in TV) AV works.
Cable Retransmission
Cable retransmission means simultaneous, unaltered retransmission of a primary broadcast intended for reception by the public in a closed cable network system by a party other than the primary broadcasting organisation.
International distribution and qualification rules
Additionally to the rights able to be collected, qualification and distribution rules apply to collections across differing territories. Like PPL, each CMO will have its own set of distribution rules that it will apply to the revenue it collects.
Distribution rules can include limitations or statutes on:
- Open Years – claiming and distributing may be different.
- Qualification rules.
- Roles recognised – featured artist, non-featured artists, other featured artists, conductor.
- Allocation of revenue to different roles.
- Points-based systems.
- Sales data declarations for recording rightsholders.
- Label level payments.
- Costs and deductions may apply – social and cultural deductions, administration.
Performer qualification rules can differ country to country dependent on the below:
- Right to Equitable Remuneration – Rome Convention (established in 1961) and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (established in 1996 addressing digital landscape).
- Performer Qualification in the UK – Country of Birth, Country of Residency, Country of Performance.
- Criteria in other territories – Country of Publication/Release, Country of Commissioning, Country of Citizenship, Country of Residence, Country of Recording, Country of Mastering.
Recording rightsholder qualification rules can differ country to country dependent on the below:
- Recording rightsholder Qualification in the UK – Country of Birth, Country of Residency, Country of Performance.
- Criteria in other territories – Country of Publication/Release, Country of Commissioning.
